Ka iing dorbar thawain Rajya Sabha ka la ai jingmynjur ia ka Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2023 ban wanrah jingpynkylla ia ka Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (ba tip hangne kum ‘ka Act’) mynta ka sngi. Ia kane ka Bill la ai jingmynjur da ka Lok Sabha ha ka 28.07.2023 bad lyngba ka jingioh jingmynjur kane ka Bill ha ka Rajya Sabha, yn phah ia kane ka Bill sha ka President jong ka ri India ban ioh jingmynjur.

Ka MMDR Act, 1957 ka dei kaba la pynkylla ha u snem 2015 ban wanrah katto katne ki jingpynkylla ha ki kam kiba iadei bad ka jingtih ia ki mar poh khyndew bad kiba kham kongsan na kine ki dei ka rukom die lilam ia ka jingai ia ki mineral concession ban wanrah ia ka jingshai ha ka jingai ia ki jingdon jingem mar poh khyndew, ban seng ia ka District Mineral Foundation (DMF) na ka bynta ka bha ka miat jong ki briew bad ki jaka kiba shah ktah ha ki kam tih mar poh khyndew bad ban seng ia ka National Mineral Exploration Trust (NMET) ban pynkhlain ia ki kam wad mar poh khyndew bad ban pynthikna ia ka jingpynshitom kaba khlain ia kito kiba tih beain ia ki mar poh khyndew. La pynkylla biang ia kane ka Act ha u snem 2016 bad 2020 ban pynbeit ia katto katne ki jingeh bad la pynkylla khatduh ia ka ha u snem 2021 ban wanrah shuh shuh ia ki jingpynkylla ha kine ki kam kum ka jingweng ia ka jingiapher hapdeng ki par captive bad merchant, ka jingkynriah ia ki jingai jingbit ban pynthikna ia ka jingbteng jong ki mineral concession, ka jingkut jong ki hok jong ki nongbat concession kiba ioh khlem ka jingdie lilam ki bym shym la wanrah ia ki mining lease khnang ban pynthikna ba ki concession sha ki briew bad ki kynhun shimet ki wan tang lyngba ka jingdie lilam.

Hynrei, ki kam tih mar poh khyndew ki la donkam shuh shuh ia ki jingpynkylla khamtam ha ka jingkyntiew ia ka jingwad bad jingtih ia ki mar poh khyndew kiba kordor kiba donkam na ka bynta ka roi ka par bad ka jingshngain jong ka ri. Ka jingduna jong kine ki mar poh khyndew kiba kongsan lane ka jingdon jong ki ha tang katto katne ki jaka ka lah ban ialam sha ka jingeh ha ka jingpynbiang mar. Ka ioh ka kot kaba don bynta ha baroh kawei ka pyrthei ka dei kaba don nongrim ha ki teknoloji kiba shaniah ha ki mar poh khyndew kum u lithium, graphite, cobalt, titanium, bad ki mar poh khyndew kiba jynjar ban shem. Ki mar poh khyndew kiba kongsan ki dei kiba donkam bha namar ka jingkut jingmut ka India ban pynkylla ia ki jait bording bad ban long ka ri kaba lait na ka jingpynmih jaboh shuwa u snem 2070.

Kumta, la ai jingmut ban pynkylla ia kane ka Act da kaba pyntreikam ia ka Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2023. Namar ka jingpeit baroh kawei ka pyrthei ia ki mar poh khyndew ba kongsan, kane ka jingpynkylla ka wanrah ia ki jingkylla ha ki kam tih mar poh khyndew kiba kynthup:

1. Ka jingweng ia 6 tylli ki mar poh khyndew na ka thup jong ki 12 tylli ki mar poh khyndew atomic kiba la batai ha ka Part-B jong ka First Schedule jong ka Act, kiba long, ki mar poh khyndew ba don Lithium, ki mar poh khyndew ba don Titanium, ki mar poh khyndew ba don Beryl bad kiwei kiwei ki beryllium, ki mar poh khyndew ba don Niobium bad Tantalum bad ki mar poh khyndew ba don Zirconium.
2. Ka jingpynkupbor ia ka Sorkar Pdeng ba kan die lilam ia ki mineral concession na ka bynta ki mar poh khyndew kiba kongsan kiba batai ha ka Part D jong ka First Schedule jong ka Act. Ka jingkamai na kine ki jingdie lilam kan leit lang sha ki Sorkar Jylla kiba don bynta ha ka jingdie.
3. Ka jingwanrah ia ki exploration licence na ka bynta ki mar poh khyndew kiba jynjar ban ioh bad kiba kongsan.

Ki jintip ba kham bniah shaphang ki jingpynkylla ki long kumne harum:

(a) Ka jingweng ia 6 tylli ki mar poh khyndew na ka thup jong ki 12 tylli ki mar poh khyndew atomic kiba la batai ha ka Part-B jong ka First Schedule jong ka Act

Ka jingtih bad jingwad ia ki mar poh khyndew atomic ba la batai ha ka Part-B jong ka First Schedule jong ka Act ka dei kaba leh tang da ki PSU. Kumta, ka jingwad bad jingtih ia kine ki mar poh khyndew ka long kaba duna bha. Bun na kine ki mar poh khyndew kiba ithuh kum ki mar poh khyndew atomic ki dei kiba pyndonkam ha ki kam ki bym dei ki kam atomic. Bunsien, ka jingpyndonkam ia kine ki mar poh khyndew ha ki kam ki bym dei ki kam atomic ka dei kaba kham kongsan ia ka jingpyndonkam ia ki ha ki kam atomic. Bun na kine ki mar poh khyndew kim long fissle ne radioactive. Ka long kaba donkam ban kyntiew ia ka jingwad bad jingtih ia kine ki mar poh khyndew kiba la ai jingmut an weng na kane ka thup jong ki mar poh khyndew atomic khnang ban pynbiang ia ki jingdonkam jong ka ri ha kaba ka jingiashim bynta ki briew bad ki kompani shimet ka lah ban kyntiew bha ia kane. Ka jingpyniar ia ka jingwad bad ka jingtih ia kine ki mar poh khyndew kan wanrah ia ka jingbiang jong kine ki mar poh khyndew na ka bynta ki kam atomic ruh.

Kane ka Bill ka wahrah ia ka lad ban weng ia katto katne ki mar poh khyndew na ka thup jong ki mar poh khyndew atomic kum ki mar poh khyndew ba don lithium, beryllium, titanium, niobium, tantalum bad zirconium kiba long kiba donkam bha ha ki kam teknoloji bad kam bording ha kaba lah ban pyndonkam ia ki ha ki kam kiba iadei bad ka haw haw, ki mar elektrik, ka teknoloji bad ki lad iakren, ki kam pynmih bording, ki electric battery bad ki long ruh kiba donkam bha na ka bynta ka jingkut jingmut ka India ban lait na ka jingpynmih ia ki jaboh jabain. Ka jingdonkam ia ki mar poh khyndew kum u lithium ba pyndonkam ha ki lithium-ion battery ka dei ka ban dang kiew namar ka jingkylla sha ka bording kaba khuid. Mynta, ka ri ka shaniah ha ka jingshalan ia kine ki mar poh khyndew kiba donkam na kiwei kiwei ki ri namar ba ka jingwad bad jingtih ia ki ka duna bna namar ki ain kiba dang treikam mynta. Kine ki mar poh khyndew ki long kiba donkam ha ka ioh ka kot bad ki don ruh ki jingma ha ka jingpynbiang ia ki namar ki jingiadei ba dang kylla hapdeng ki ri.

Haba la weng ia kine ki mar poh khyndew na ka thup jong ki mar poh khyndew atomic, yn plié lad ia ka jingwad bad jingtih ia kine da ki briew bad ki kynhun shimet. Namar kane, ka jingwad bad jingtih ia kine ki mar poh khyndew kan kiew bha ha ka ri.

(b) Ka jingpynkupbor ia ka Sorkar Pdeng ba kan die lilam kyrpang ia ki mineral concession na ka bynta katto katne ki mar poh khyndew kiba kongsan

Sa kawei ka jingpynkylla kaba kongsan kaba la ioh jingmynjur na ka Parliament ka dei ka jingpynkupbor ia ka Sorkar Pdeng ba kan die lilam kyrpang ia ki mining lease bad ka composite licence na ka bynta katto katne ki mar poh khyndew kum u molybdenum, rhenium, tungsten, cadmium, indium, gallium, graphite, vanadium, tellurium, selenium, nickel, cobalt, tin, ka thup ki element platinum, ki mar poh khyndew hapoh ka thup ki khyndew ba kordor (ki bym don Uranium bad Thorium); ki mar poh kyndew sboh dawai kum u potash, glauconite bad phosphate (khlem u uranium) bad ki mar poh khyndew ba weng na ka thup jong ki mar poh khyndew atomic.

Tang 19 tylli ki block jong ki mar poh khyndew haduh mynta ki dei kiba die lilam da ki Sorkar Jylla kiba long u graphite, nickel bad phosphate na ki 107 tylli ki block ba la ai sha ki Sorkar Jylla bapher bapher. Namar kine ki mar poh kyndew ki dei kiba kongsan na ka bynta ka jingkiew jong ka ioh ka kot, ka jingaibor ia ka Sorkar Pdeng ba kan die lilam ia ki concession na ka bynta kine ki mar poh khyndew ba kongsan kan pynstet ia ka jingdie lilam bad ka jingpynmih kloi ia ki mar poh khyndew kiba donkam bha na ka bynta ki teknoloji ba thymmai kum ki kam kiba iadei bad ka haw haw, ki mar elektrik, ka information technology, ka jingpynkylla ia ka bording, ka jingshngain ha ka jingioh mar bam bad kiwei kiwei.

Watla ka jingdie lilam ka dei ka ban pynlong da ka Sorkar Pdeng, ia ki mining lease lane ki composite licence na ka bynta kine ki mar poh khyndew yn adi da ki Sorkar Jylla sha ki nongjop ia kine ki jingdie lilam bad ia ka premium na ka jingdie lilam bad ki jingsiew ba hap ai yn bteng ban leit sha ki Sorkar Jylla.

(c) Ka jingwanrah ia ka license wad ia ki mar poh khyndew ba jynjar ban ioh bad kiba kongsan.

Watla la shah ban don 100% ka foreign direct investment (FDI) ha ki kam wad ban tih mar poh khyndew lyngba ki lad automatic, mynta kam don ka FDI kaba heh kaba la wan ha kine ki kam. Ha kylleng ka pyrthei, ki kompani tih mar poh khyndew ki long kiba la tbit bad kiba trei ha ki kam wad mar poh khyndew, khamtam ki jait mar poh khyndew kiba jynjar ban ioh bad kiba kongsan kum ka ksiar, ka thup ki mar poh khyndew platinum, ki element kiba kordor bad kiwei kiwei. Kumta ka long kaba donkam bha ban khring ia ka FDI ha kine ki kam.

Kane ka Bill ka pynbiang ia ki lad ban ai ia ki mineral concession ba thymmai kum ka Exploration Licence (EL) hapoh ka Act. Ka license ban wad kaba wan lyngba ka jingdie lilam kan plié lad ia kiba don license ba kin wad ia ki mar poh khyndew ba jynjar ban ioh kiba la batai ha ka Seventh Schedule ba wanrah thymmai ha ka Act. Kine ki mar poh khyndew ki long u copper, gold, silver, diamond, lithium, cobalt, molybdenum, lead, zinc, cadmium, ki element ha ka thup ki jait khyndew ba kordor, graphite, vanadium, nickel, tin, tellurium, selenium, indium, rock phosphate, apatite, potash, rhenium, tungsten, ki element ha ka thup ki platinum bad kiwei kiwei ki mar poh khyndew kiba la ai jingmut ban weng na ka thup ki mar poh khyndew atomic. Ia ki briew bad ki kompani kiba iashim bynta ha ka jingdie lilam na ka bynta ka exploration licence yn jied  lyngba ka reverse bidding na ka bynta ka premium jong ka jingdie lilam kaba hap siew da u nongbat mining lease (ML). Ki briew kiba tyrwa ka percentage kaba duna tam ki dei ki ban kham ioh lad ban ioh ia ka exploration licence. La khmih lynti ba kane ka jingpynkylla kan pynbiang ia ki lad ha ki ain ban khring ia ka FDI bad ki kompani tih mar poh khyndew sha ka ri.

Ki block ba wad da u nongbat Exploration Licence ki dei kiba lah ban die lilam na ka bynta ka mining lease bad kane kan wanrah ka jingkamai kaba kham bha ia ki Sorkar Jylla. Ka kynhun kaba leh ia ka jingwad ruh kan ioh jingmyntoi da kaba ioh ia ka bynta jong ka premium jong ka jingdie lilam ban siew da u nongbat ia ka lease.

Ki mar kiba jynjar ban ioh kum ka gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, cobalt, platinum group of minerals, diamonds bad kiwei kiwei ki dei kiba shongdor bha. Ka long kaba jynjar bad kaba rem dor ban wad bad tih ia kine ki mar poh khyndew haba ianujor bad kiwei kiwei ki mar kiba shong ha ka shynrang jong ka khyndew. Kine ki mar ki long kiba donkam bha na ka bynta ki mar electronic kiba thymmai, ka jingkylla sha ki bording kiba khuid (solar, wind, electric vehicle) bad kiwei kiwei ki kam kum ka jingpynbiang ia ki jingdon jingem bad ka jingiada ia ka ri ha ryngkat kiwei kiwei.

Ka jingwad ia ki tyllong jong kine ki mar ha ka ri ki dei kiba duna bha haba ianujor bad ki mar kiba shong ha ka shynrong jong ka khyndew. Ka bynta jong ki mar poh kyndew kiba jynjar ban ioh ha baroh ka jingpynmih ia ki mar poh khyndew ka long kaba duna bha ha ka ri bad na ka bynta kine ki mar ka don ka jingshaniah ha ka jingshalan nabar ri. Kumta, ka long kaba donkam ban pynkhlain ia ka jingwad bad ka jingtih ia kine ki mar poh khyndew kiba jynjar ban ioh. Ka exploration license kaba thmu ban wanrah kan plié lad, pynshlur bad ai jingmyntoi ia ka jingiashim bynta ki briew bad ki kompani shimet ha baroh ki bynta jong ka jingwad ia ki mar poh khyndew kiba kordor bad kiba jynjar ban ioh.

Ka jingiashim bynta jong ki kynhun shimet ha ka jingwad kan wanrah ia ka jingkiew shaphrang jong ka teknoloji, ki kam pisa bad ka jingtbit ban wad ia ki mar poh khyndew kiba kordor bad kiba jynjar ban ioh. Ka rukom treikam ha ka exploration licence ba la ai jingmut ka dei kaba la kyrmen ban wanrah ia ka jingplie lad ha kaba ki kynhun kiba wad ia ki mar poh khyndew kin wanrah ia ka jingtbit treikam na kylleng ka pyrthei ha ka geological data acquisition, processing bad interpretation bad bah ia ki jingeh ban wad ia ki mar poh khyndew da kaba pyndonkam ia kine ki jingtbit bad ruh ki teknoloji.

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