La Niña, a climate phenomenon characterized by notably cooler sea surface temperatures (SST) in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, can significantly impact the Indian monsoon. In general, during a La Niña event, normal to above-normal rainfall is received over India during the southwest monsoon season. Most parts of the country receive above-normal rainfall during the La Nina years, except extreme north India and some areas over Northeast India, where rainfall below normal is likely during the La Nina years. Also, below-normal temperatures are generally observed during the winter season during the La Nina years.While excessive rainfall during La Nina can lead to flooding, crop damage, and livestock loss, it can also benefit rainfed agriculture and groundwater levels. Increased rainfall associated with La Niña can sometimes lead to lower temperatures over the Indian region, which might affect the growth and development of certain Kharif crops.

The Ministry has been conducting regular studies on monsoons and associated rainfall and temperature patterns in the country, including those during the La Niña period. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) continuously monitors the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) changes globally, especially in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. IMD also prepares forecasts using climate model and issue the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO/IOD) bulletin every month (https://www.imdpune.gov.in/cmpg/Product/Enso.php). Additionally, the IMD issues agriculture-specific advisories to help farmers prepare for extreme weather events associated with La Niña, such as heavy rains or droughts. These advisories may include recommendations on crop selection, irrigation practices, and flood preparedness.

This information was given by Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, Dr. Jitendra Singh in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha today.

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NKR/KS

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