District Skill Committees (DSCs), established across all States/UTs are mandated with formulating District Skill Development Plans (DSDPs) to support decentralized, grassroots-level skill planning by identifying local employment opportunities, skilling demand, and available training infrastructure. Government skill programmes are then designed to bridge these identified skill gaps across sectors. Additionally, 36 Sector Skill Councils (SSCs), led by industry experts, regularly conduct skill gap studies to assess sector-wise skill needs and set competency standards, which guide government interventions to align the workforce with industry requirements.

Under the Government of India’s Skill India Mission (SIM), the Ministry of SkillDevelopment & Entrepreneurship (MSDE) delivers skill, re-skill and up-skill training through anextensive network of skill development centres under various schemes, viz. Pradhan MantriKaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), Jan Sikhshan Sansthan (JSS), National ApprenticeshipPromotion Scheme (NAPS) and Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS) through Industrial TrainingInstitutes (ITIs), to all the sections of the society across the country. The SIM aims at enabling youth of India to get future ready and equipped withindustry relevant skills. The State/UT-wise details of total number of candidates trained under various schemes of MSDE are given at Annexure-I.

Impact of schemes for skill development is assessed through their third party independent evaluation. The evaluation of schemes of MSDE have acknowledged their positive outcome and mentioned about their success in terms of placement or livelihood improvement of candidates trained, as indicated below:

PMKVY: MSDE’s flagship scheme PMKVY was evaluated by NITI Aayog in October 2020 and as per the study, about 94 percent of the employers surveyed reported they would hire more candidates trained under PMKVY. Further, 52 percent of the candidates who were placed in full time/part time employment and oriented under the RPL component received higher salary or felt that they will get higher salary compared to their un-certified peers.

JSS: Evaluation study of JSS scheme conducted in 2020 found that the training nearly doubled household incomes for beneficiaries, with strong participation from women (79%) and rural communities (50.5%). The study reported significant livelihood improvements, including better employment for 73.4% of trainees, higher incomes for 89.1%, and effective beneficiary mobilization at 85.7%. It also noted that 77% of trainees shifted to new occupations, reflecting the scheme’s strong focus on self-employment in line with the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

ITIs: The final report of Tracer Study of ITI Graduates published in 2018 by MSDE mentions that 63.5% of total ITI pass-outs got employed (wage+self, out of which 6.7% are self-employed).

NAPS: Third-party evaluation study of NAPS conducted in 2021 observed that the scheme improved youth employability by providing structured on-the-job training and increasing apprentices participation across industries. In the new version of the scheme, DBT method has been adopted to transfer government's share directly to apprentices' bank accounts, as streamlined reimbursement process was recommended in the report.

National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 highlights that quality higher education must aim to develop good, thoughtful, well-rounded, and creative individuals. Keeping in view of NEP’s recommendations, the UGC has revised the Choice Based Credit System and developed a new Curriculum and Credit Framework for Undergraduate Programmes. The framework reflects the NEP’s recommendations such as restricted degree programmes, multiple entries and exist, flexible degree options with single major, double major, multi-/inter-disciplinary choices, and a curriculum built with employability skills in addition to academic subjects.

The curriculum consists of major stream courses, minor stream courses and courses from other disciplines, language courses, skill courses, and a set of courses on Environmental education, understanding India, Digital and technological solutions, Health & Wellness, Yoga education, and sports and fitness. The minor stream courses include vocational courses which will help the students to equip with job oriented skills. A minimum of 12 credits will be allotted to the ‘Minor’ stream relating to Vocational Education and Training and these can be related to the major or minor discipline or choice of the student. These courses will be useful to find a job for those students who exit before completing the programme.

Further, AICTE has undertaken several initiatives to align technical and higher education with industry requirements and enhance students’ employability. Key measures include introduction of outcome-based model curricula with mandatory internships, and promotion of Industry–Academia Mobility through guidelines that facilitate collaboration and engagement with industry professionals. Institutions are encouraged to sign MoUs with industry partners, and AICTE has collaborated with leading organizations such as Salesforce, Adobe, CISCO, Microsoft, IBM, CDAC, Bajaj Finserv, Wheebox and others to integrate industry-relevant skill courses into academic programmes.

Annexure-I

State/UT-Wise Total Number of Candidates Trained under MSDE Schemes

S.N.	State/UT	NAPS (Apprentices engaged since 2021-22 till 31.10.2025)*	JSS (since 2018-19 till 31.10.2025)	PMKVY (Since Inception till 31.10.2025)	CTS (Candidates Enrolled from Session 2014-15 to 2024-25)
1.	Andaman And Nicobar Islands	401	6,600	5,501	4,949
2.	Andhra Pradesh	90,225	76,690	5,28,234	5,81,629
3.	Arunachal Pradesh	317	--	98,157	6,332
4.	Assam	44,302	66,006	8,39,672	36,821
5.	Bihar	27,264	2,17,133	7,60,581	11,11,363
6.	Chandigarh	5,330	11,803	28,035	10,218
7.	Chhattisgarh	22,850	1,37,946	2,04,543	2,13,969
8.	Delhi	89,901	38,845	5,27,664	1,01,560
9.	Goa	39,130	12,227	10,484	21,236
10.	Gujarat	3,83,125	1,19,578	4,71,884	8,37,302
11.	Haryana	2,87,735	52,982	7,63,070	5,38,047
12.	Himachal Pradesh	38,609	79,975	1,76,654	2,23,311
13.	Jammu And Kashmir	4,454	12,996	4,29,954	57,630
14.	Jharkhand	43,785	95,604	3,14,146	3,51,892
15.	Karnataka	3,38,175	1,36,703	6,05,744	7,76,554
16.	Kerala	57,805	1,11,843	2,74,836	3,57,298
17.	Ladakh	179	832	4,076	1,851
18.	Lakshadweep	28	4,393	390	2,510
19.	Madhya Pradesh	1,07,276	3,51,410	12,15,857	7,23,746
20.	Maharashtra	10,51,680	2,63,937	13,32,397	12,62,784
21.	Manipur	406	47,010	1,15,021	2,931
22.	Meghalaya	937	5,380	58,856	6,899
23.	Mizoram	415	6,354	44,147	4,073
24.	Nagaland	101	11,522	54,055	2,218
25.	Odisha	46,899	2,94,304	6,02,374	5,76,855
26.	Puducherry	13,124	--	35,597	9,160
27.	Punjab	69,544	21,853	5,63,591	4,46,123
28.	Rajasthan	84,592	90,597	14,08,412	12,69,995
29.	Sikkim	1,588	--	19,479	3,245
30.	Tamil Nadu	4,10,131	96,403	8,89,722	4,04,463
31.	Telangana	1,68,573	75,767	4,64,811	3,53,439
32.	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	11,497	14,578	11,842	5,053
33.	Tripura	1,678	18,937	1,60,367	20,826
34.	Uttar Pradesh	3,08,923	5,92,927	25,09,373	29,73,580
35.	Uttarakhand	88,507	90,174	2,52,138	1,11,209
36.	West Bengal	1,18,665	89,930	6,51,369	3,32,991
	Grand Total	39,58,151	32,53,239	1,64,33,033	1,37,44,062

*For 192 engaged apprentices are excluded in 39,58,151 as state is not defined

This information was given by the Minister of State (Independent Charge), Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), Shri Jayant Chaudhary in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.

 

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