Ministry of Jal Shakti
azadi ka amrit mahotsav

Extraction of Ground Water

Posted On: 14 DEC 2023 4:21PM by PIB Delhi

Within the country, the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of the country are being periodically assessed jointly by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and State Governments. As per the 2023 assessment, the Stage of Ground Water Extraction (SOE), which is a measure of Annual Ground Water Extraction for all uses (irrigation, industrial and domestic uses) over Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource, is 59% for the country as a whole.

As per the latest (6th) Minor Irrigation (MI) Census, the total number of ground water schemes/structures in India is 2,19,32,799 (Dugwell – 82,78,425; Shallow Tubewell –55,85,839; Medium Tubewell–43,18,275 & Deep Tubewell - 37,50,260). The State wise details are given in Annexure.

Water being a State subject, the aspects related to water resources including irrigation activities are studied, planned, funded and executed by the State Governments. Identification of challenges or issues for underground water resource recovery or withdrawal through borewells is primarily the responsibility of the State Government. The Central Government provides technical support and financial assistance through its various centrally sponsored schemes. The Government of India has taken several initiatives to reduce the dependency on ground water, to increase the availability of ground water through both natural and artificial means and conserve and rejuvenate water bodies across the country.

As per ‘The United Nations World Water Development Report 2022 – GROUNDWATER Making the invisible visible’ India is among top ten countries with the highest shares in global groundwater withdrawal in 2017. The report can be seen at https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380721/PDF/380721eng.pdf.multi

 

Some of the important measures taken by the Central Government for rejuvenating ground water in the country can be seen at

https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3a70dc40477bc2adceef4d2c90f47eb82/uploads/2023/02/2023021742.pdf

Some of them are listed below: -

  1. Government of India is implementing Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) in the country in which special emphasis is being given for rainwater harvesting / groundwater recharge. First JSA was launched in 2019 in water stressed blocks of 256 districts which continued during the years 2021 and 2022(across entire country both rural and urban areas) with the primary aim to effectively harvest the monsoon rainfall through creation of artificial recharge structures, watershed management, recharge and reuse structures, intensive afforestation and awareness generation etc. JSA for the year 2023 have been launched by Hon'ble President of India on 04 March 2023 with the theme “Source Sustainability for Drinking Water”.
  2. Hon’ble Prime Minister has launched Amrit Sarovar Mission on 24th April 2022. The Mission is aimed at developing and rejuvenating 75 water bodies in each district of the country as a part of celebration of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
  3. Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare is implementing Per Drop More Crop (PDMC) component of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) which is operational from 2015-16 in the Country. The PMKSY-PDMC mainly focuses on water use efficiency at farm level through precision/micro irrigation. Besides promoting precision irrigation (Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation System) & better on-farm water management practices (to optimize the use of available water resources), this component also supports micro level water storage or, water conservation/management activities to supplement Micro Irrigation.
  4. Ministry of Jal Shakti (MoJS) has launched Atal Bhujal Yojana, a community led scheme for participatory ground water management focussing on demand side management of ground water. The scheme has been launched in some of the water stressed Gram Panchayats of 7 states, viz. Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Under this scheme, inter alia, states are incentivized for adopting water efficient agricultural practices like switching over to drips/sprinklers, crop diversification to less water incentive crops, mulching etc.
  5. MoJS has also issued advisories to States/UTs to review their free/subsidized electricity policy to farmers, bring suitable water pricing policy and may work further towards crop rotation/diversification/other initiatives to reduce over-dependence on groundwater.
  6. MoJS is promoting conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater and to reduce over-dependence on groundwater, surface water based Major and Medium irrigation projects have been taken up in the country under PMKSY-AIBP scheme in collaboration with States/UTs.
  7. The Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) has been constituted under MoJS under section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for the purpose of regulation and control of ground water development and management in the country. Abstraction cum use of Groundwater in the country is regulated by CGWA by way of issuing NOCs as per the provisions of its Guidelines dated 24.09.2020 which have pan India applicability.
  8. Bureau of Water Use Efficiency (BWUE) has been set up under MoJS to plan and execute nation-wide program for promotion of efficient use of water in irrigation, domestic water supply, municipal and/or industrial uses in the country.
  9. Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Groundwater- 2020 has been prepared by CGWB in consultation with the States/ UTs which is a macro level plan indicating various structures for the different terrain conditions of the country including estimated cost. Master Plan for Artificial Recharge has been prepared and shared with all the states/UTs for suitable interventions.

As per the information available, out of 19.24 Crore rural households in the country, approximately 13.76 Crore (71.51%) households are reported to have tap water supply in their homes as on 07.12.2023. The remaining 5.48 Crore rural households are planned to be covered within the Mission period.

Following ‘no one is left out’ principle, as on 07.12.2023, more than 2 lakh villages have become ‘Har Ghar Jal’ i.e. villages with 100% households with tap water supply and out of these, as on 07.12.2023, 90,272 villages have been Har Ghar Jal certified by the respective Gram Sabhas.

 

This information was given by the Minister of State for Jal Shakti, Shri Bishweswar Tudu in a written reply in Lok Sabha today.

ANNEXURE

State Wise Total number of Schemes/structures – Ground Water (as per 6th MI Census)

S. No

States/UTs

Total number of Schemes/structures – Ground Water

Dugwell

Shallow Tubewell

Medium Tubewell

Deep Tubewell

Total

1

Andaman & Nicobar

2429

40

0

0

2469

2

Andhra Pradesh

171301

198162

237713

525593

1132769

3

Arunachal Pradesh

25

18

2

5

50

4

Assam

38

151095

369

674

152176

5

Bihar

15926

183878

455650

35777

691231

6

Chandigarh

0

0

0

30

30

7

Chhattisgarh

31414

27875

156944

117354

333587

8

Delhi

0

733

129

13

875

9

Goa

3932

71

21

7

4031

10

Gujarat

382286

303245

390256

279040

1354827

11

Haryana

1005

20892

49495

148073

219465

12

Himachal Pradesh

431

5255

3600

1405

10691

13

Jammu & Kashmir

4725

4766

318

661

10470

14

Jharkhand

160077

1611

1209

520

163417

15

Karnataka

134603

115123

696702

330824

1277252

16

Kerala

52135

3146

5301

1871

62453

17

Madhya Pradesh

1336682

419460

243781

232720

2232643

18

Maharashtra

2749088

131100

174194

179583

3233965

19

Manipur

0

0

0

0

0

20

Meghalaya

149

803

0

5

957

21

Mizoram

34

4

23

0

61

22

Nagaland

12

10

3

10

35

23

Odisha

265554

42443

46550

61434

415981

24

Puducherry

37

625

1828

1341

3831

25

Punjab

0

181189

418938

573630

1173757

26

Rajasthan

834841

21417

140380

478286

1474924

27

Sikkim

0

0

0

0

0

28

Tamil Nadu

1577198

89026

110660

293934

2070818

29

Telangana

457784

76790

677156

367519

1579249

30

Tripura

4

1009

1468

266

2747

31

Uttarakhand

411

44838

5003

1739

51991

32

Uttar Pradesh

85224

3333679

418316

106883

3944102

33

West Bengal

11080

227536

82266

11063

331945

 

Total

8278425

5585839

4318275

3750260

21932799

*****

AS


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