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*Srijata Saha Sahoo*Media & Communication Officer, Kolkata

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit the National Medical infrastructure so hard, that the most challenging task in hand at the moment happens to be handling and managing heavy inflow of critical patients bearing a highly infectious contagion. The exponential spread of the virus within the respiratory system of an Individual renders the lungs to be dysfunctional within a few hours. It is at this moment that the Medical Ventilators play a crucial role to maintain the basic parameters required to keep the patient alive.  The primary function of a Ventilator is to pump adequate Oxygen into the lungs of a critical patient and flush out Carbon-dioxide. The mechanical system developed as ventilator remains unintelligent without appropriate sensors and coded action plan. Therefore, closed-loop monitoring system of the Mechanical Ventilators is essential to sense the breathing parameters of a critical patient and act to provide controlled delivery of the prescribed amount of tidal volume into the patient’s lungs.

In order to help in supporting the hospitals, who are in dire need of importing such ventilators from outside, especially when the country is undergoing rapid spread of COVID-19 pandemic, as well as supporting Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s clarion call to be ‘Atma Nirbhar’, CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur has invented indigenously developed cost-effective Mechanical Ventilator using Motorised Bellow. The Ventilator was formally unveiled by Director, CSIO-CMERI, Durgapur Prof.(Dr.) Harish Hirani today in presence of Dr Arunangshu Ganguly, Chairman and Managing Director, Health World hospitals Pvt. Ltd., Durgapur.

 

 

CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur developed this Mechanical Ventilator after innumerable feedbacks from registered medical professionals as greater understanding of proper functioning and usage of ventilator was essential. The current pandemic has forced the hospital authorities to develop makeshift Quarantine/ Isolation wards for the COVID-19 affected patients. In such isolation wards/ small clinics/ nursing homes, the CSIR-CMERI developed Mechanical Ventilators will prove very much useful and provides a cost-effective solution, said Dr Harish Hirani in a press conference today. He added, “The indigenously developed Mechanical Ventilator using Mechanized Bellow is a Volume Controlled Ventilator. The Bellow Design, Controllers and embedded electronics of the system have all been customised to ensure price efficacy as well as meeting the requirements of the relevant industries..... This Ventilator will be further upgraded to meet the requirements of various other patients’ parameters. The efficacy of a Ventilator for a patient is also correlated to the effective response of the attending healthcare personnel. Steadily the approach of this Institute will be to harness artificial intelligence capabilities to automate the functioning of the Mechanical Ventilators, so that the Ventilators automatically respond to the fluctuating variables of a patient. Such indigenisation of Ventilator manufacturing activities will supplement the clarion call of the Prime Minister to Make in India, Made for the World.”

 

 

Dr.Hirani also appreciated the efforts of the team comprising Dr.AnupamSinha, Shri Sanjay Hansdah, Shri Kalyan Chatterjee and Shri Avinash Yadav who worked upon development of this Ventilator.

The Specifications of the Ventilator is as follow:

A micro-controller along with pressure and flow sensors in closed loop-

a) Continuously monitors and displays pressure, volume and flow with time in the monitor.

b) Parameters can be set on the fly through the GUI like Tidal Volume, BPM, I:E Ratio, PEEP and PIP.

c) Alarms for different set limits.

 

Mechanical fail-safe valve: Opens at 80 cm H2O if there is electrical/electronic failure

 

PIP: 40-70 cm H2O adjustable in steps of 5 cm H2O

 

PEEP: 5-20 cm H2O adjustable in steps of 5 cm H2O

 

Inspiratory: Expiratory ratio (I:E): 1:1 - 1:3 (adjustable)

 

Respiratory Rate (BPM): 10 – 30 breaths per minute in increments of 2

Tidal Volume: 350 ml – 650 ml in steps of 50 ml

 

Modes available (“Volume Assist/Control”):

 

Volume Control (VC) – Continuous Mandatory Ventilation (CMV), for PASSIVE patients

 

Volume Control (VC) – Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV), for PARTIALLY ACTIVE patients

 

Safety Features

Alarm for the following:

Inspiratory/Expiratory Line Blockage

 

Inspiratory/Expiratory Line open

 

Peak-Inspiratory-Pressure Limit reached

 

Patient breathing trigger

 

Others:

Patient data logging for 72 hours

 

A pressure release valve that vents gas above a certain safe pressure.

 

An anti-asphyxia valve which allows the breathing of room air in the event of power failure.

 

It is now hoped that this technological intervention from CSIR-CMERI, plays a significant medical intervention in the current pandemic situation. Such an effort, in combination with relevant medications and timely intervention of nursing or medical support staff, may turn to be a vital deciding factor between life & death of a critical patient and may save a substantial amount of the import bill of the nation.

 

 

SSS

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