The data on Employment and Unemployment is collected through Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) which is conducted by the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI) since 2017-18. The survey period is July to June every year.

As per the latest available Annual PLFS Reports, the employment in the major Industries related to infrastructure sector has increased during 2022-23 as compared to 2020-21. In manufacturing sector, the percentage of workers has increased to 11.4% in 2022-23 as compared to 10.9% in 2020-21. In construction sector, the percentage of workers has increased to 13.0% in 2022-23 as compared to 12.1% in 2020-21.

Further, the Quarterly Employment Survey (QES) is conducted by Labour Bureau which aims to assess the employment situation in respect of selected nine sectors of non-farm economy of India over successive quarters. Selected nine sectors are Manufacturing, Construction, Trade, Transport, Education, Health, Accommodation & Restaurants, Information Technology (IT)/ Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and Financial Services. As per the fourth round of QES (January-March, 2022), the estimated total employment in the nine selected sectors was 3.18 crore as compared to 2.37 crore in the sixth Economic Census (2013-14). Out of the total employment estimated in the selected nine sectors, Manufacturing sector accounted for 38.5% and Construction Sector 1.9% as per the fourth round of QES (January-March, 2022).

As per the latest available Annual PLFS Reports, the estimated Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) on usual status for persons of age 15 years and above was 54.9%, 55.2% and 57.9% during 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively, shows an increasing trend of labour force in the country.

The Government has launched e-Shram portal on 26th August 2021 for registration and creation of a Comprehensive National Database of Unorganized Workers. It allows a person to register himself/herself on the portal on self-declaration basis, which is spread across around 400 occupations. As on 12.12.2023, the total registration of the unorganized workers on e-Shram portal under various occupations is 1.33 crore and 85.44 lakh in Odisha and Tamil Nadu, respectively.

Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO) data covers the low paid workers in medium and large establishments of formal sector. The net addition in EPFO subscriptions is an indicator of the extent of formalisation of the job market, and the coverage of social security benefits to the organized/ semi-organized sector workforce. The net addition in EPF subscribers in Odisha and Tamil Nadu during 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23 is as follows:

       Source: EPFO Payroll data

Employment generation coupled with improving employability is the priority of the Government. Accordingly, the Government of India has taken various steps for generating employment, including labourers from organised and unorganised sector, in the country.

Investments in Infrastructure and productive capacity have a large multiplier impact on growth and employment. The budget of 2023-24 proposed to increase capital investment outlay steeply for the third year in a row by 33 per cent to Rs 10 lakh crore, which would be 3.3 per cent of GDP. This substantial increase in recent years is central to the Government’s efforts to enhance growth potential and job creation.

The Government of India has announced Aatmanirbhar Bharat package to provide stimulus to business and to mitigate the adverse impact of Covid 19. Under this package, the Government has provided fiscal stimulus of more than Rupees Twenty Seven lakh crore. This package comprises of various long term schemes/ programmes/ policies for making the country self-reliant and to create employment opportunities.

The Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY) was launched with effect from 1st October, 2020 to incentivize employers for creation of new employment and restoration of loss of employment during Covid-19 pandemic. The terminal date for registration of beneficiaries was 31.03.2022. Since inception of the scheme, till 23.09.2023, benefits have been provided to 60.47 lakhs beneficiaries under the scheme. In Odisha, benefits have been provided to 89,354 beneficiaries during the period 2020-21 to 2023-24 (till 24.11.2023). In Tamil Nadu, benefits have been provided to 8.18 lakh beneficiaries during the period 2020-21 to 2023-24 (till 24.11.2023).

The Government is implementing Prime Minister Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbharNidhi (PM SVANidhi Scheme) since June 01, 2020 to facilitate collateral free working capital loan to street vendors to restart their businesses, which were adversely impacted during the Covid-19 pandemic. As on 23.11.2023, 78.08 lakh loans have been sanctioned under the scheme. In Odisha, 84,314 loans have been sanctioned under the scheme during the period 2020-21 to 2023-24 (till 22.11.2023). In Tamil Nadu, 4.87 lakh loans have been sanctioned under the scheme during the period 2020-21 to 2023-24 (till 22.11.2023).

Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was launched by the Government for facilitating self-employment. Under PMMY, collateral free loans upto Rs. 10 lakh, are extended to micro/small business enterprises and to individuals to enable them to setup or expand their business activities. As on 17.11.2023, more than 44.41 crore loan accounts sanctioned under the scheme. In Odisha, 1.32 crore loans accounts were sanctioned under the scheme during the period 2020-21 to 2023-24 (till 24.11.2023). In Tamil Nadu, 2.11 crore loans accounts were sanctioned under the scheme during the period 2020-21 to 2023-24 (till 24.11.2023).

The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme is being implemented by the Government with an outlay of Rs. 1.97 lakh crore, for a period of 5 years starting from 2021-22 which have potential for creating 60 lakh new jobs.

PM GatiShakti is a transformative approach for economic growth and sustainable development. The approach is driven by seven engines, namely, Roads, Railways, Airports, Ports, Mass Transport, Waterways and Logistics Infrastructure. This approach is powered by Clean Energy and Sabka Prayas leading to huge job and entrepreneurial opportunities for all.

The Government of India is encouraging various projects involving substantial investment and public expenditure on schemes like Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP), Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) and Deen Dayal Antodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) etc. for employment generation. The Government is implementing a programme for skilling of rural youth for entrepreneurship development through Rural Self Employment and Training Institutes (RSETIs).

Further, the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) is implementing the National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS), Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) Scheme and Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS) through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) to enhance the employability of youth.

Besides these initiatives, various flagship programmes of the Government such as Make in India, Start-up India, Stand-up India, Digital India, Housing for All etc. are also oriented towards generating employment opportunities.

All these initiatives are expected to collectively generate employment in the medium to long term through multiplier-effects.

This information was given by Union Minister of State for Labour and Employment Shri Rameshwar Teli in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.

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MJPS/NSK

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