Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) researchers jointly with a farmers NGO have developed a unique, efficient and cost-effective agricultural transportation system that addresses labour shortage, a major issue faced by Indian farmers. 

This transportation system, which isa lightweight monorail type, can economically carry agricultural produce from the fields to collection points near the farmlands.  An IIT Madras team, jointly with ‘PothuVivasayeegalSangam,’ a non-governmental organisation for farmers, has successfully tested this prototype cableway system at a farm in NanjaiThottakurichi village of Karur district in Tamil Nadu.

Manpower shortage for farming activities is one of the major issues plaguing the Indian farming system. The problem is especially severe during the post-harvest period when significant manpower is required to transport agricultural produce (such as sugar cane, banana bunches, or paddy) from the field to a nearby collection point. The problem is especially acute in wetland farms, where labourers find it difficult to traverse acrosswaterlogged land with headloads.

This transportation system developed by Prof. Shankar Krishnapillai, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras, jointly with the farmers NGO provides an economical and simple solution to this problem.

Highlighting the unique features of this transportation system, Prof. Shankar Krishnapillai, Department of Mechanical Engineering, said, “Indian farmers will face severe shortage of labour in the coming years, especially in post-harvest operations.  The simple agricultural transportation systemis made in local workshops, from locally available components, based on the lightweight overhead rail concept. It can be easily installed on Indian farms and reduce labour requirements in transporting the produce. The system has also minimal environmental disturbance as it passes over the ground”.

Explaining how the transportation system can be scaled to farms across the country, Prof. Shankar Krishnapillai, said, “The proposed agricultural system is based on the very simple design concept and components, and easy to be implemented in any local farm.Additional rails and posts can be easily added and the range can be scaled up toover a kilometre. Alsoin future, the trolleys can be powered by a battery power pack charged by solar energy.“

The Advantages of deploying the proposed transportation system include:

⮚       Provides an easy and economical solution to the issue of manpower shortage in farming activities. It is estimated that in a traditional manual head load carrying method, a small farm could employ 32 people every day to carry the agricultural produce to collection points.  But, with the deployment of this transportation system, the number of farm workers could be reduced to four to do the same work.

⮚       The transportation system also helps in avoiding the issue of bruising of fruits, which is mainly caused when crops are manually carried overhead to collection points. For instance, there is a significant economic loss incurred by farmers due to the bruising of bananas because of manually carrying the crop to the collection points.

⮚       The deployment of thistransportation systemhas a minimal environmental impact as it requires only minimal space to erect the system, and does not disturb the vegetation over which it passes.

⮚       This transportation system requires a low operation cost due to relatively lower-energy consumption due to moving over rail, and require only 2 persons to operate it, one at each end.

DEMONSTRATION

This transportation system is of a simple indigenous design,consistingof steelposts erected on concrete shoesplaced along the edge of the farm.  High strength, butlightweight rails connect these posts with a span of six metres, and atraction unit powered by a petrol engine propels several trolleyscarrying the agricultural loads back and forth. Each trolley can carry a load of about forty kg, which is equal to a headload.Rails can be readily added to cover any desired distance.All componentsare made in localworkshops using easily available indigenous components.

This transportation system was installed on the farmland of Mr. T.N. Siva Subramanian, President, PothuVivasayeegalSangam, in NanjaiThottakurichi village of Karur district in Tamil Nadu. The system was erected through Corporate Social Responsibility funds from M/S Cholamandalam Insurance.

Speaking on how the transportation system would help in solving the issues faced by farmers, Mr. Siva Subramanian, said, “This agricultural transport system is useful specifically for farmers who cultivate crops along the riverbanks. For instance, many farmlands in the Karur region are directly irrigated by the canals of the Cauvery river. As a result, it becomes extremely difficult for labourers to carry produce through these wetlands. The agricultural transportation system helps to address this issue. “

AnIIT Madras team, led by Prof. Shankar Krishnapillai, jointly with the NGO, conducted continuous trials covering a distance of about200 metresfor several months from July 2020 with five loaded trolleys. Two people were required to operate the system, one at either end of the transportation system. The trials showed that they were able to successfully transport agricultural loads in a consistent and reliable manner.The components of the cableway can be manufactured at local workshops, making this system fully indigenous.

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