India’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) comprises of three quantitative targets namely the reduction of overall emissions intensity of our Gross Domestic Product (GDP), enhancing share of non-fossil fuel-based energy resources in installed electric power capacity and creation of additional carbon sink.

India had achieved a reduction of 37.38% in the emissions intensity of its GDP in 2022 from the  2005 level, against the NDC goal of reducing emissions intensity by 45% by 2030. The share of  cumulative installed electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy sources crossed 50%  in June 2025, thereby achieving the NDC goal five years ahead of the committed timeline. As of  30th June 2026, non-fossil fuel-based energy resources accounted for 54.18% of the country’s total installed electric power capacity. India has created an additional carbon sink of 2.44 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent during 2005 to 2022, against the NDC goal of creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5–3.0 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent by 2030 through additional forest and tree cover.

As reported in India’s first Biennial Transparency Report submitted to the United Nations  Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in April, 2026, the decoupling of  greenhouse gas emissions from economic growth and GDP can be attributed to policies promoting  renewable energy deployment, improving the energy efficiency of all economic activity. The early achievement of NDC goal on share of non-fossil fuel based installed electric power capacity has been made possible by a range of policies that incentivize renewable energy generation and its integration in to national electricity grid. The creation of carbon sink could be possible because of high priority accorded to conservation and restoration by the national and the State governments. The approach is reflected in the framework of Policies, Acts, Rules, Programmes and Schemes to ensure conservation of forests and biodiversity, enhance green cover and participation of people in the conservation activities while protecting rights of forest dependent communities.

The NDC targets for the year 2035 have been enhanced, with quantitative targets to reduce the emissions intensity of GDP by 47% from the 2005 level, achieve 60% cumulative installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources, and create carbon sink of 3.5 to 4.0 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through forest and tree cover as compared to the baseline year of

2005. The NDC also includes five qualitative targets aimed at promoting sustainable lifestyles, enhancing adaptation capacity and adoption of climate friendly cleaner path aligned with the goal of Viksit Bharat @2047.

India's progress in implementing its significant climate commitments has received wide recognition from many leading international bodies including the International Energy Agency (IEA), Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), United Nationals Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Bank, International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), etc.

This information was provided by MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE, SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH, in a written reply to a question in Rajya Sabha today.

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VM/GS/SK

(Rajya Sabha US Q2928)

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