India's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) comprises three quantitative targets namely the reduction of overall emission intensity of our GDP, enhancing share of non-fossil fuel-based energy resources in installed electric power capacity and creation of additional carbon sink.

India has achieved a reduction of 37.38% in the emissions intensity of its GDP in 2022 from the 2005 level, against the NDC goal of reducing emissions intensity by 45% by 2030. The share of cumulative installed electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel-based sources crossed 50% in June 2025, thereby achieving the NDC goal five years ahead the committed timeline. As of 30th June 2026, non-fossil fuel-based energy resources accounted for 54.18% of the country's total installed electric power capacity. India has created an additional carbon sink of 2.44 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent during 2005 to 2022, against the NDC goal of creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5–3.0 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent by 2030 through additional forest and tree cover. The NDC targets for the year 2035 have been enhanced, with quantitative targets to reduce the emissions intensity of GDP by 47% from the 2005 level, achieve 60% cumulative installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources, and create carbon sink of 3.5 to 4.0 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through forest and tree cover as compared to the baseline year of 2005. The NDC also includes five qualitative targets aimed at promoting sustainable lifestyles, adoption of climate friendly and cleaner path and enhancing adaptation capacity, etc. aligned with the goal of Viksit Bharat @2047.

Our goal is to achieve the NDC targets at the national level, in line with the provisions of the Paris Agreement which calls for nationally determined contributions and national level reporting from the signatory Parties.

The Government of India stands committed to implement its climate commitments through a whole-of-government approach. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) comprises of nine national missions in specific areas of agriculture, energy efficiency, green India, Himalayan eco-system, human health, solar energy, strategic knowledge on climate change, sustainable habitat, and water. Six of its nine missions focus on adaptation for enhancing climate resilience of vulnerable communities. All these missions are institutionalized and implemented by their respective Nodal Ministries/Departments through various schemes and programs across many sectors.

Several measures have been taken to accelerate climate mitigation and adaptation under these schemes and programs. The focus is to promote renewable energy, electric mobility, sustainable transport and habitats; climate resilient agriculture; water conservation; enhance energy efficiency; forest and tree cover; restore ecosystems; reduce disaster risks, etc.

Some of the flagship initiatives are National Green Hydrogen Mission; PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana; Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM); Production Linked Incentive (PLI) for clean energy technologies, including high-efficiency solar PV modules and Advanced Chemistry Cell batteries; initiatives related to Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) and Nuclear Energy Mission; and launch of hydrogen powered train which is step forward towards future ready and low-carbon sustainable transport. For coastal regions, measures include, inter-alia, conservation and restoration of mangroves and coastal ecosystems, implementation of the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) regulatory framework, strengthening of early warning systems and disaster preparedness, and promotion of nature-based and ecosystem-based approaches to enhance resilience against cyclones, coastal flooding, sea-level rise and coastal erosion. The Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI) programme, along with other initiatives under the National Coastal Mission, contribute to the conservation and restoration of mangroves and strengthening the resilience of coastal ecosystems and communities. Further, aligned with NAPCC, 34 States and Union Territories have prepared their respective State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs), which facilitate climate action based on State/UT-specific vulnerabilities, priorities and circumstances.

The Government has institutional mechanisms to monitor progress towards India's NDC targets and the long-term goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. The Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change (PMCCC), Executive Committee on Climate Change (ECCC) and Apex Committee for Implementation of the Paris Agreement (AIPA) oversee the implementation of domestic climate actions, with periodic inputs from concerned Ministries and Departments. In addition, implementation of climate commitments is undertaken in convergence with relevant Government schemes, programmes and sectoral policies, which have inbuilt monitoring and reporting mechanisms. India also tracks and reports progress, as per the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) under the Article 13 of the Paris Agreement, through its Biennial Transparency Reports, and National Communications, supported by national monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) arrangements.

This information was provided by MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE, SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH, in a written reply to a question in Lok Sabha today.

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VM/GS

(Lok Sabha US Q1291)

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