The National Sample
Survey Office (NSSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has released
the key indicators of household consumer expenditure in India, generated from the data collected in its 66th
round survey during July 2009 - June 2010. NSS surveys on consumer expenditure
are conducted quinquennially starting from 27th round (October 1972
– September 1973) and the last quinquennial survey was conducted in NSS 61st
round (July 2004- June 2005) for which, the results have already been released.
The NSS 66th round was the eighth quinquennial round on the subject.
The NSS consumer
expenditure survey aims at generating estimates of household monthly per capita
expenditure (MPCE) and its distribution separately for the rural and urban
sectors of the country, for States and Union Territories,
and for different socio-economic groups. These indicators are amongst the most
important measures of the level of living of the respective domains of the
population and are crucial input for estimation of prevalence of poverty by the
Planning Commission. The detailed results of quinquennial survey on consumer
expenditure are usually brought out by the NSSO through a number of reports. In
order to make available the salient results of the survey, well in advance of
the release of its reports, for use in planning, policy formulation, decision
support and as input for further statistical exercises, the NSSO has released
the key indicators.
The key indicators are based on the Central Sample
consisting of 7,524 villages in rural areas and
5,284 urban blocks spread over all States and Union Territories except in (i)
interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of a bus route
(ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible
throughout the year and (iii) Leh, Kargil and Poonch districts of Jammu and Kashmir.
In the 66th
round consumer expenditure survey, the data on household consumption was
collected with three reference periods of preceding 7 days, 30 days and 365
days for specified set of items of the consumption basket. Two types of
schedules namely Schedule 1.0 Type 1 and Schedule 1.0 Type 2 were canvassed
during the survey. The reference periods for different Item Groups divided in
three Categories in both the schedules of
the survey are summarized below:
Reference
periods used for collection of consumption data in Schedule 1.0 Type 1 and
Type 2
|
Cate-gory
|
Item groups
|
Reference period for
|
Schedule Type 1
|
Schedule Type 2
|
I
|
Clothing, bedding, footwear, education,
medical (institutional), durable goods
|
‘Last 30 days’ and ‘Last 365 days’
|
Last 365 days
|
II
|
Edible oil; egg, fish & meat;
vegetables, fruits, spices, beverages and processed foods; pan, tobacco &
intoxicants
|
Last 30 days
|
Last 7 days
|
III
|
All other food, fuel and light, miscellaneous
goods and services including non-institutional medical; rents and taxes
|
Last 30 days
|
Last 30 days
|
From each sample household where Schedule
Type 1 was canvassed, two measures of MPCE emerged. This was because for each such
household, there were two sets of data for Category I items – “last 30 days”
data and “last 365 days” data – unlike items
of Categories II and III, for which only “last 30 days” was available. Thus
there were two ways of measuring household MPCE: one using “last 30 days” for
all items, and the other using “last 365 days” data for Category I items and
“last 30 days” for the rest. The first measure of MPCE is called MPCEURP
(Uniform Reference Period MPCE) and the second, MPCEMRP (Mixed
Reference Period MPCE). From data on MPCEURP and MPCEMRP
(collected from households where Schedule Type 1 was canvassed), two
alternative estimates of the distribution of MPCE and average MPCE can be built
up.
From each sample household where Schedule Type 2 was
canvassed, a single measure of MPCE emerged, as, for each item of consumption,
data for only one reference period had been collected. Since the reference
period system used for Schedule Type 2 was only a slight modification of the
Mixed Reference Period (differing only in the reference period used for
Category II items), this measure of MPCE is called the MPCEMMRP
(Modified Mixed Reference Period MPCE).
The values of different
types of average MPCE for NSS 61st and 66th rounds at
all-India level are given below:
Average
MPCE (Rs.)
|
NSS Round
|
MPCEURP
|
MPCEMRP
|
MPCEMMRP
|
Rural
|
Urban
|
Rural
|
Urban
|
Rural
|
Urban
|
61st
|
558.78
|
1052.36
|
579.17
|
1104.60
|
-
|
-
|
66th
|
927.70
|
1785.81
|
953.05
|
1856.01
|
1053.04
|
1984.46
|
Note:
Type 2 Schedule was not canvassed in the 61st Round.
Besides the average
MPCE, the survey results also provide distribution of population over decile classes
of MPCE. Thus the first decile class comprises the bottom 10 percent of
population in terms of MPCE and the top (10th) decile class
comprises the top 10 percent of population. These decile classes for rural and
urban domains are separately arrived at for MPCEURP, MPCEMRP
and MPCEMMRP. Further, in addition to all-India decile classes,
similar State-specific decile classes are also derived and State-wise results
are given for these classes in the detailed tables.
The
results released are mainly based on MPCEMMRP. However, relevant
indicators based on MPCEURP and MPCEMRP are also given
for comparability. The estimates of per capita monthly
expenditure on food, non-food and total expenditure are provided separately for
rural and urban sectors at the State level as well as for all-India across
decile classes of MPCE. However, break-up of average MPCE by broad item group
of food and non-food items, and item-wise estimates of quantity and value of
per capita consumption are given at the all-India level.
Some salient findings of the survey relating to monthly per capita
expenditure (MPCE) based on modified mixed reference period (MMRP) are
as follows:
·
In terms of MMRP estimates, the average MPCE in
2009-10 was estimated as Rs.1053.64 in rural India
and Rs.1984.46 in urban India.
Thus the per capita expenditure level of the urban population was on the
average about 88% higher than that of the rural population.
·
The poorest 10% of India’s rural population had an
average MPCE of Rs.453. The poorest 10% of the urban population had an average
MPCE of Rs.599. The top 10% of the rural population, ranked by MPCE, had an
average MPCE of Rs.2517 – about 5.6 times that of the bottom 10%. The top 10% of the urban population had an
average MPCE of Rs.5863 – about 9.8 times that of the bottom 10%. Average MPCEMMRP across decile
classes of MPCEMMRP, at all-India for rural
and urban areas during 2009-10 is given in Annexure-I.
·
In rural India, half of the population belonged to households
with MPCE below Rs.895 (median value) and nearly 40% of the rural population of
India
had MPCE below Rs.800. About 60% of rural population had MPCE below Rs.1000. About 10% had MPCE
above Rs.1650.
·
Correspondingly, in urban areas of India, half the
population was living with MPCE below Rs.1500, about 70% of population had MPCE
above Rs.1100, nearly 30% had MPCE above Rs.2100, and 20% had MPCE above
Rs.2600.
·
The share of food in total household expenditure
was 57% and 44% in rural and urban India respectively. In rural India, this
share in respect of bottom 10% population was 65% and for top 10% population,
46%. In urban India,
the share of food was 62% for its bottom 10% population and 31% for top 10 %
population. Average MPCEMMRP and
share of food for all India
and major States during 2009-10 is given
at Annexure –II.
Trends in percentage composition of MPCEURP since 1987-88 for various items, food total
and non-food total for rural and urban areas in India is given at Annexure-III.
The publication is available on the
website (www.mospi.gov.in) of the
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
Annexure-I
Average
MPCEMMRP across decile classes of MPCEMMRP, all-India, 2009-10
|
Rrural
|
Urban
|
Decile class of MPCEMMRP (Rs.)
|
Average MPCEMMRP (Rs.)
|
Decile class of MPCEMMRP (Rs.)
|
Average MPCEMMRP (Rs.)
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
Less than 537
|
452.98
|
Less than 733
|
599.27
|
537-631
|
584.40
|
733-926
|
830.96
|
631-718
|
675.35
|
926-1101
|
1011.84
|
718-804
|
760.79
|
1101-1293
|
1196.08
|
804-895
|
848.07
|
1293-1502
|
1397.99
|
895-1001
|
944.35
|
1502-1773
|
1633.42
|
1001-1133
|
1062.93
|
1773-2097
|
1930.96
|
1133-1322
|
1220.59
|
2097-2603
|
2329.87
|
1322-1653
|
1470.33
|
2603-3665
|
3050.69
|
1653 and above
|
2516.69
|
3665 and above
|
5863.25
|
All classes
|
1053.64
|
All classes
|
1984.46
|
Note: Each decile class corresponds to 10% of population
Annexure-II
Average MPCEMMRP and food share: major States, 2009-10
|
State
|
rural
|
urban
|
average MPCE (Rs.)
|
per capita food exp. (Rs.)
|
% share of food in cons. exp.
|
average MPCE (Rs.)
|
per capita food exp. (Rs.)
|
% share of food in cons. exp.
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
(5)
|
(6)
|
(7)
|
Bihar
|
780
|
505
|
64.7
|
1238
|
655
|
52.9
|
Chhattisgarh
|
784
|
456
|
58.2
|
1647
|
720
|
43.7
|
Orissa
|
818
|
507
|
61.9
|
1548
|
749
|
48.4
|
Jharkhand
|
825
|
503
|
60.9
|
1584
|
816
|
51.5
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
899
|
521
|
57.9
|
1574
|
728
|
46.3
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
903
|
504
|
55.8
|
1666
|
694
|
41.7
|
West Bengal
|
952
|
604
|
63.5
|
1965
|
907
|
46.2
|
Assam
|
1003
|
646
|
64.4
|
1755
|
929
|
52.9
|
Karnataka
|
1020
|
577
|
56.5
|
2053
|
869
|
42.3
|
All-India
|
1054
|
600
|
57.0
|
1984
|
881
|
44.4
|
Gujarat
|
1110
|
640
|
57.7
|
1909
|
882
|
46.2
|
Maharashtra
|
1153
|
623
|
54.0
|
2437
|
999
|
41.0
|
Tamil Nadu
|
1160
|
635
|
54.7
|
1948
|
876
|
45.0
|
Rajasthan
|
1179
|
647
|
54.8
|
1663
|
798
|
48.0
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
1234
|
717
|
58.1
|
2238
|
1002
|
44.8
|
Haryana
|
1510
|
815
|
54.0
|
2321
|
1001
|
43.1
|
Punjab
|
1649
|
795
|
48.2
|
2109
|
933
|
44.3
|
Kerala
|
1835
|
843
|
45.9
|
2413
|
970
|
40.2
|
Annexure-III
Trends in
percentage composition of MPCEURP
since 1987-88
|
item group
|
rural
|
urban
|
share in total consumer expenditure
in
|
1987-88
|
1993-94
|
1999-2000*
|
2004-05
|
2009-10
|
1987-88
|
1993-94
|
1999-2000*
|
2004-05
|
2009-10
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
(5)
|
(6)
|
(7)
|
(8)
|
(9)
|
(10)
|
(11)
|
cereals
|
26.3
|
24.2
|
22.2
|
18.0
|
15.6
|
15.0
|
14.0
|
12.4
|
10.1
|
9.1
|
gram
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
cereal substitutes
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
pulses & products
|
4.0
|
3.8
|
3.8
|
3.1
|
3.7
|
3.4
|
3.0
|
2.8
|
2.1
|
2.7
|
milk & products
|
8.6
|
9.5
|
8.8
|
8.5
|
8.6
|
9.5
|
9.8
|
8.7
|
7.9
|
7.8
|
edible oil
|
5.0
|
4.4
|
3.7
|
4.6
|
3.7
|
5.3
|
4.4
|
3.1
|
3.5
|
2.6
|
egg, fish & meat
|
3.3
|
3.3
|
3.3
|
3.3
|
3.5
|
3.6
|
3.4
|
3.1
|
2.7
|
2.7
|
vegetables
|
5.2
|
6.0
|
6.2
|
6.1
|
6.2
|
5.3
|
5.5
|
5.1
|
4.5
|
4.3
|
fruits & nuts
|
1.6
|
1.7
|
1.7
|
1.9
|
1.6
|
2.5
|
2.7
|
2.4
|
2.2
|
2.1
|
sugar
|
2.9
|
3.1
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
1.6
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
salt & spices
|
2.9
|
2.7
|
3.0
|
2.5
|
2.4
|
2.3
|
2.0
|
2.2
|
1.7
|
1.5
|
beverages, etc.
|
3.9
|
4.2
|
4.2
|
4.5
|
5.6
|
6.8
|
7.2
|
6.4
|
6.2
|
6.3
|
food total
|
64.0
|
63.2
|
59.4
|
55.0
|
53.6
|
56.4
|
54.7
|
48.1
|
42.5
|
40.7
|
pan, tobacco, intox.
|
3.2
|
3.2
|
2.9
|
2.7
|
2.2
|
2.6
|
2.3
|
1.9
|
1.6
|
1.2
|
fuel & light
|
7.5
|
7.4
|
7.5
|
10.2
|
9.5
|
6.8
|
6.6
|
7.8
|
9.9
|
8.0
|
clothing & bedding
|
6.7
|
5.4
|
6.9
|
4.5
|
4.9
|
5.9
|
4.7
|
6.1
|
4.0
|
4.7
|
footwear
|
1.0
|
0.9
|
1.1
|
0.8
|
1.0
|
1.1
|
0.9
|
1.2
|
0.7
|
0.9
|
misc. g. & services
|
14.5
|
17.3
|
19.6
|
23.4
|
24.0
|
23.2
|
27.5
|
31.3
|
37.2
|
37.8
|
durable goods
|
3.1
|
2.7
|
2.6
|
3.4
|
4.8
|
4.1
|
3.3
|
3.6
|
4.1
|
6.7
|
non-food total
|
36.0
|
36.8
|
40.6
|
45.0
|
46.4
|
43.6
|
45.3
|
51.9
|
57.5
|
59.3
|
total expenditure
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
*URP estimates shown except for
1999-2000, for which only MRP estimates are available.
|
***
DNM/DB