Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Coastal Erosion
Posted On:
04 DEC 2023 3:23PM by PIB Delhi
Some stretches of India’s shoreline are subject to varying degrees of erosion due to natural causes or anthropogenic activities. The coastal erosion does impact coastal communities residing in the erosion prone areas including fishermen communities. National Centre for Coastal Research, (NCCR), an attached office of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India has monitored the shoreline changes for entire Indian coastline using multi-spectral satellite images along with field-surveyed data for the period 1990-2018. It is observed that 33.6% of the Indian coastline was vulnerable to erosion, 26.9% was under accretion (growing) and 39.6% was in stable state.
Under the shoreline mapping system undertaken by NCCR, 526 maps were prepared for the entire Indian mainland coast for identifying vulnerable areas to coastal erosion in 1:25000 scale, along with 69 district maps, and 9 States and 2 Union Territory (UT) maps. A report on "National Assessment of Shoreline Changes along Indian Coast" was released in July 2018 and the report was shared with various Central and State Government agencies and stakeholders for implementing shoreline protection measures. An updated version of Atlas, along with a digital version of the report, containing all the maps, was released on 25th March 2022.
The study by NCCR reveals that the shoreline changes are combined effect of natural and human activities and the receding coastline will cause loss of land/habitat and the livelihood of fishermen in terms of losing the space for parking boats, mending nets and fishing operations.
The National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM) has undertaken a detailed study – Statewise, beachwise, the findings of which are given in Annexure.
The Government of India is committed for taking proactive steps in combating sea erosion and protection of India’s coastal areas and the coastal communities. Some of the important measures taken are as follows:
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- Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change has delineated the hazard line for the entire coast of the country. The hazard line is indicative of the shoreline changes, including sea level rise due to climate change. This line is to be used by agencies in Coastal States as a tool for Disaster Management including planning of adaptive and mitigation measures. The hazard line features in the new Coastal Zone Management Plans of the coastal States/Union territories approved by the MoEFCC.
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- MoEFCC has notified Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2019 with a view to conserve and protect coastal stretches, marine areas and to ensure livelihood security to the fisher and other local communities. The coastal regulations, however, permit setting up of erosion control measures in the coast. The notification also provides for No Development Zones (NDZ) along various categories of coastal areas to protect India’s coastline from encroachment and erosion.
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- In addition in compliance of Hon’ble NGT order dated 11/04/2022 in O.A. No. 04 of 2013 and Appeal No. 18 of 2017, Chief Secretaries of all the Coastal States / UTs, including Puducherry, have been requested vide letter dated 08/09/2022 to finalize the Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) as per CRZ Notification 2019 which also includes mapping of erosion prone areas and preparation of Shore Line Management Plan for such identified eroding stretches shown in the CZMP.
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- MoEFCC has framed a national strategy for coastal protection along with guidelines for all Coastal States and Union Territories.
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- The Flood Management Scheme of Ministry of Jal Shakti, including anti-sea erosion schemes, are planned and executed by the State Governments with their own resources as per priorities of States. Union Government renders assistance to states which is technical, advisory, catalytic and promotional in nature.
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- Considering the importance of collection of data on coastal processes towards coastal protection measures, a new component "Coastal Management Information System (CMIS)" was initiated under the Central Sector Plan Scheme "Development of Water Resources Information System". CMIS is a data collection activity carried out to collect near shore coastal data which can be used in planning, design, construction and maintenance of site specific coastal protection structures at vulnerable Coastal stretches. Establishment of three sites each in the State of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and UT of Puducherry has been completed.
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- Coastal erosion mitigation measures have been taken up at Puducherry and Chellanam in Kerala, which helped in restoration and protection of coastal areas lost at Puducherry and flooding at Chellanam Fishing Village. Technical support has been extended to the coastal States in the design of coastal protection measures at vulnerable stretches and preparation of Shoreline Management Plans.
Annexure
|
Beach
|
Status
|
Area (Sq. m)
|
|
Gujarat
|
|
Umbrat Beach
|
Accretion
|
110895.32
|
|
TIthal Beach
|
Erosion
|
69910.56
|
|
Suvalli Beach
|
Erosion
|
688783.17
|
|
Mandavi Beach
|
Accretion
|
20471.44
|
|
Dandi Beach
|
Erosion
|
69434.26
|
|
Dabhari Beach
|
Erosion
|
1640149.52
|
|
Shivrajpur Beach
|
Erosion
|
32692.74
|
|
Shivrajpur Beach
|
Accretion
|
2396.77
|
|
Daman and Diu (UT)
|
|
Diu Beach
|
Accretion
|
2336.42
|
|
Ghoghla Beach
|
Erosion
|
13614.04
|
|
Ghoghla Beach
|
Accretion
|
3430.41
|
|
Maharashtra
|
|
Versova Beach
|
Accretion
|
1339.07
|
|
Vengurla Beach
|
Erosion
|
4959.69
|
|
Tarkarli Beach
|
Accretion
|
1387.88
|
|
Sriuvardhan Beach
|
Erosion
|
45912.15
|
|
Shivaji Beach
|
Accretion
|
28662.60
|
|
Sasawne Beach
|
Erosion
|
59331.47
|
|
Nagaon Beach
|
Erosion
|
93944.04
|
|
Murud Beach
|
Erosion
|
20098.49
|
|
Marve Beach
|
Accretion
|
25165.11
|
|
Manori Beach
|
Erosion
|
17815.01
|
|
Mandwa Beach
|
Erosion
|
20595.14
|
|
Malvan Beach
|
Accretion
|
8957.17
|
|
Kihim Beach
|
Erosion
|
6808.47
|
|
Kelwa Beach
|
Erosion
|
34484.03
|
|
Kelshi Beach
|
Accretion
|
107785.97
|
|
Kashid Beach
|
Accretion
|
5795.18
|
|
Juhu Beach
|
Erosion
|
25855.83
|
|
Harihareswar Beach
|
Erosion
|
31200.00
|
|
Guhagar Beach
|
Erosion
|
2010.86
|
|
Guhagar Beach
|
Accretion
|
536.72
|
|
Guhagar Beach
|
Erosion
|
15407.02
|
|
Ganpatipule Beach
|
Erosion
|
100688.26
|
|
Diveagar Beach
|
Accretion
|
31948.86
|
|
Dahanu Beach
|
Erosion
|
196831.94
|
|
Bordi Beach
|
Erosion
|
114128.18
|
|
Awas Beach
|
Erosion
|
59849.10
|
|
Anjarle Beach
|
Erosion
|
0.00
|
|
Anjarle Beach
|
Erosion
|
30341.50
|
|
Alibag Beach
|
Accretion
|
1338.05
|
|
Aksa Beach
|
Accretion
|
91307.51
|
|
Velneshwar Beach
|
Erosion
|
31409.94
|
|
Bhandarpule Beach
|
Erosion
|
41675.18
|
|
Goa
|
|
Agonda Beach
|
Erosion
|
1716.31
|
|
Agonda Beach
|
Accretion
|
2618.69
|
|
Anjuna Beach
|
Accretion
|
451.84
|
|
Anjuna Beach
|
Erosion
|
355.49
|
|
Arambol Beach
|
Accretion
|
2059.52
|
|
Ashvem Beach
|
Erosion
|
12734.77
|
|
Baga Beach
|
Accretion
|
29080.56
|
|
Baina Beach
|
Accretion
|
10037.84
|
|
Benaulim Beach
|
Accretion
|
8269.15
|
|
Betalbatim Beach
|
Erosion
|
8310.65
|
|
Betul Beach
|
Accretion
|
54167.73
|
|
Bogmalo Beach
|
Accretion
|
4294.77
|
|
caboderama Beach
|
Accretion
|
445.35
|
|
Calangute Beach
|
Accretion
|
48192.09
|
|
Canaiguinium Beach
|
Erosion
|
2360.52
|
|
Candolim Beach
|
Accretion
|
2764.31
|
|
Candolim Beach
|
Erosion
|
5169.59
|
|
Cansaulim Beach
|
Erosion
|
8377.57
|
|
Caranzalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
314284.02
|
|
Cavelossim Beach
|
Erosion
|
678.08
|
|
Cavelossim Beach
|
Accretion
|
13863.45
|
|
Cola Beach
|
Accretion
|
834.25
|
|
Colva Beach
|
Erosion
|
22563.76
|
|
Dharvalem Beach
|
Erosion
|
925.12
|
|
Dharvalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
835.28
|
|
Galginbag Beach
|
Accretion
|
72.18
|
|
Galginbag Beach
|
Erosion
|
2672.66
|
|
Hansa Beach
|
Accretion
|
2451.44
|
|
Kakolem Beach
|
Accretion
|
252.30
|
|
Kakolem Beach
|
Erosion
|
190.02
|
|
Kalacha Beach
|
Accretion
|
1833.60
|
|
Majorda Beach
|
Accretion
|
5574.31
|
|
Mandarim Beach
|
Erosion
|
15829.25
|
|
Mobor Beach
|
Accretion
|
6713.69
|
|
Morjim Beach
|
Accretion
|
13764.73
|
|
Ozran Beach
|
Accretion
|
4278.20
|
|
Palolem Beach
|
Accretion
|
1326.79
|
|
Patnem Beach
|
Erosion
|
1265.84
|
|
Polem Beach
|
Erosion
|
232.21
|
|
Polem Beach
|
Accretion
|
4398.47
|
|
Querim Beach
|
Erosion
|
10403.88
|
|
Rajban Beach
|
Accretion
|
6135.39
|
|
Sernabatim Beach
|
Erosion
|
7670.26
|
|
Sinquerim Beach
|
Erosion
|
8339.79
|
|
Talpona Beach
|
Erosion
|
5659.62
|
|
Utorda Beach
|
Erosion
|
297.62
|
|
Vagator Beach
|
Accretion
|
915.93
|
|
Vagator Beach
|
Erosion
|
753.30
|
|
Varca Beach
|
Accretion
|
17823.41
|
|
Velsao Beach
|
Erosion
|
5670.13
|
|
Karnataka
|
|
Apsarakonda Beach
|
Erosion
|
53073.51
|
|
Karwar Beach
|
Accretion
|
227480.88
|
|
Kaup Beach
|
Erosion
|
7267.24
|
|
Kudle Beach
|
Accretion
|
35522.74
|
|
Malpe Beach
|
Accretion
|
61125.68
|
|
Maravanthe Beach
|
Erosion
|
1005.29
|
|
Mukka Beach
|
Accretion
|
30.68
|
|
Mukka Beach
|
Erosion
|
47005.63
|
|
Murudeshwar Beach
|
Erosion
|
14062.86
|
|
NITK Beach
|
Erosion
|
12501.36
|
|
Panambur Beach
|
Erosion
|
50743.44
|
|
Sasihithlu Beach
|
Erosion
|
17696.65
|
|
Sasihithlu Beach
|
Erosion
|
19078.86
|
|
Someshwar Beach
|
Erosion
|
317133.03
|
|
Tannirubhavi Beach
|
Accretion
|
375772.02
|
|
Ullal Beach
|
Erosion
|
296835.10
|
|
Kasarkod Beach
|
Erosion
|
67382.31
|
|
Padubidri Beach
|
Erosion
|
44380.15
|
|
Kerala
|
|
Allepey Beach
|
Accretion
|
29444.73
|
|
Allepey Beach
|
Erosion
|
36851.46
|
|
Chavakkad Beach
|
Accretion
|
913318.17
|
|
Cherai Beach
|
Erosion
|
132473.85
|
|
Fort Kochi Beach
|
Erosion
|
81615.61
|
|
Hawa Beach
|
Erosion
|
5661.86
|
|
Kanhangad Beach
|
Erosion
|
45986.69
|
|
Kappad Beach
|
Accretion
|
2826.71
|
|
Kappad Beach
|
Erosion
|
6522.31
|
|
KappilBeach
|
Erosion
|
148417.30
|
|
Kollam Beach
|
Accretion
|
256589.82
|
|
Kovalam Beach
|
Erosion
|
10518.66
|
|
Light House Beach
|
Erosion
|
4770.73
|
|
Marari Beach
|
Accretion
|
166698.28
|
|
Meenkunnu Beach
|
Accretion
|
545923.22
|
|
Muzhappilangad Beach
|
Accretion
|
76451.75
|
|
Payyambalam Beach
|
Accretion
|
23298.40
|
|
Samudra Beach
|
Erosion
|
22055.28
|
|
Shangumughom Beach
|
Erosion
|
133403.06
|
|
Snehatheeram Beach
|
Erosion
|
731778.25
|
|
Thirumullavaram Beach
|
Accretion
|
938.14
|
|
Thirumullavaram Beach
|
Erosion
|
13235.73
|
|
Tamil Nadu
|
|
Ariyaman Beach
|
Accretion
|
124947.44
|
|
Kovalam Beach
|
Erosion
|
415480.44
|
|
Dhankuskodi Beach
|
Erosion
|
142770.14
|
|
Eliiots beach
|
Accretion
|
148692.35
|
|
Golden Beach
|
Accretion
|
16936.42
|
|
Kanyakumari Beach
|
Accretion
|
36380.83
|
|
Kasimedu Beach
|
Accretion
|
743.04
|
|
Mahabalipuram Beach
|
Erosion
|
50197.38
|
|
Marina Beach
|
Accretion
|
302193.70
|
|
Pamban Beach
|
Erosion
|
9298.59
|
|
Paradise Beach
|
Accretion
|
2215.20
|
|
Sanguthurai Beach
|
Erosion
|
7073.14
|
|
Sendumal Beach
|
Accretion
|
211057.91
|
|
Serenity Beach
|
Accretion
|
7748.95
|
|
Silver Beach
|
Erosion
|
468380.47
|
|
Sothavilai Beach
|
Erosion
|
142462.63
|
|
Thiruvanmiyur Beach
|
Accretion
|
73520.99
|
|
Tiruchendur Beach
|
Accretion
|
75327.24
|
|
Tuticorin Beach
|
Accretion
|
458485.70
|
|
Vattakotai Beach
|
Erosion
|
29916.55
|
|
Velankanni Beach
|
Erosion
|
378673.22
|
|
Puducherry (UT)
|
|
Auroville Beach
|
Erosion
|
173583.02
|
|
Karaikal Beach
|
Erosion
|
349227.87
|
|
Promenade Beach
|
Accretion
|
2504.55
|
|
Eden Beach
|
Accretion
|
268160.98
|
|
Yanam Beach
|
Erosion
|
421533.99
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
|
Addaripeta Beach
|
Erosion
|
9496.11
|
|
Alagayapalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
6296.74
|
|
Alone Beach
|
Accretion
|
88822.57
|
|
Antervedi Beach
|
Erosion
|
1231329.46
|
|
Balarampuram Beach
|
Accretion
|
340781.79
|
|
Baruva Beach
|
Erosion
|
21297.99
|
|
Bavapadu Beach
|
Accretion
|
138802.27
|
|
Bheemili Beach
|
Accretion
|
1988.95
|
|
Boyapadu Beach
|
Accretion
|
12026.85
|
|
Budagatlapalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
1074003.87
|
|
BVS Beach
|
Accretion
|
72432.39
|
|
Chackicheral Beach
|
Accretion
|
127345.51
|
|
Chinaganjam Beach
|
Accretion
|
339666.78
|
|
Chinakaragraharam Beach
|
Erosion
|
267724.51
|
|
Chintalamori Beach
|
Accretion
|
971093.66
|
|
Chintapalli Beach
|
Accretion
|
7832.59
|
|
Chintapalli Beach
|
Accretion
|
6919.50
|
|
Danvaipeta Beach
|
Erosion
|
125620.46
|
|
Dindi Beach
|
Accretion
|
2052360.94
|
|
Dlpuram Beach
|
Erosion
|
7959.62
|
|
Dokulapadu Beach
|
Accretion
|
149296.36
|
|
Dragonmouth Beach
|
Erosion
|
5088056.51
|
|
Etthamukhala Beach
|
Accretion
|
176058.88
|
|
Gaddipeta Beach
|
Erosion
|
417540.47
|
|
Gangapatnam Beach
|
Erosion
|
1321.40
|
|
Gangavaram Beach
|
Accretion
|
28340.74
|
|
Gavandlapallem Beach
|
Accretion
|
55789.17
|
|
Gollapalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
1505327.01
|
|
Gopuvanipalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
1689118.10
|
|
Gudivada Beach
|
Erosion
|
23104.89
|
|
Guppidipeta Beach
|
Accretion
|
150270.46
|
|
Gurrajupeta Beach
|
Erosion
|
9130.78
|
|
Guvundlapalem Beach
|
Erosion
|
137489.66
|
|
Jeerupalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
214805.80
|
|
Jodugullapalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
6313.45
|
|
Kalingapatnam Beach
|
Accretion
|
349674.84
|
|
Kanakadurga Beach
|
Accretion
|
336774.82
|
|
Kanuparthi Beach
|
Accretion
|
3428.24
|
|
Karlapalem Beach
|
Erosion
|
30953.41
|
|
Katamvaripalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
18390.07
|
|
Katepalli Beach
|
Erosion
|
48298.18
|
|
Kaviti Beach
|
Erosion
|
14366.70
|
|
Kesanapalli Beach
|
Accretion
|
318385.82
|
|
Kodurivaripalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
230665.94
|
|
Konada Beach
|
Accretion
|
1066757.95
|
|
Konada Beach
|
Accretion
|
10807.08
|
|
Konapapapeta Beach
|
Erosion
|
967113.57
|
|
Kondurpalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
221451.41
|
|
Kotcherla Beach
|
Accretion
|
53449.62
|
|
Kotharevu Beach
|
Accretion
|
342075.36
|
|
Kothasathram Beach
|
Accretion
|
9046.33
|
|
Kovvada Beach
|
Accretion
|
179862.38
|
|
Krishnapatnam Beach
|
Accretion
|
12302.34
|
|
Kudithipalem Beach
|
Erosion
|
2771.44
|
|
Kunduvanipeta Beach
|
Accretion
|
206054.31
|
|
LN Puram Beach
|
Erosion
|
124213.86
|
|
Machilipatinam Beach
|
Accretion
|
2015989.42
|
|
Moonside Beach
|
Accretion
|
182696.95
|
|
Motupalli Beach
|
Accretion
|
213343.51
|
|
Mypadu Beach
|
Erosion
|
5185.80
|
|
Nawabpet Beach
|
Erosion
|
124943.59
|
|
Nemam Beach
|
Erosion
|
379181.73
|
|
Nizampatinam Beach
|
Accretion
|
433528.79
|
|
Nuvvalarevu Beach
|
Accretion
|
61200.58
|
|
Odalarevu Beach
|
Erosion
|
1877569.16
|
|
Onturu Beach
|
Accretion
|
112129.18
|
|
Pakala Beach
|
Accretion
|
266197.14
|
|
Pallam Beach
|
Accretion
|
35035.37
|
|
Pallipalem Beach
|
Erosion
|
30967.23
|
|
Pandurangapuram Beach
|
Accretion
|
302154.94
|
|
Pedaganjam Beach
|
Accretion
|
183209.78
|
|
Pedamainavanilanka Beach
|
Accretion
|
322840.84
|
|
Pedapatnam Beach
|
Accretion
|
725942.03
|
|
Pedaramudupalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
4494.05
|
|
Peddapallepalem Beach
|
Erosion
|
845125.46
|
|
Pedhatheenarla Beach
|
Erosion
|
2030.40
|
|
Pentakota Beach
|
Erosion
|
20114.08
|
|
Perumallapuram Beach
|
Erosion
|
425110.42
|
|
Pinnivaripalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
77074.43
|
|
Ponnapudi Beach
|
Accretion
|
411513.29
|
|
Pothayyapeta Beach
|
Accretion
|
93416.41
|
|
Rajarampuram Beach
|
Accretion
|
537657.18
|
|
Rajupalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
46462.31
|
|
Rajyapeta Beach
|
Accretion
|
6248.96
|
|
Rambili Beach
|
Erosion
|
3556.70
|
|
Ramchandrapuram Beach
|
Accretion
|
131727.90
|
|
Ramyapatnam Beach
|
Accretion
|
44598.30
|
|
Ramyapattanam Beach
|
Erosion
|
74319.89
|
|
Raviguntapalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
167681.67
|
|
Revupolavaram Beach
|
Erosion
|
42543.94
|
|
RK BEach
|
Accretion
|
82099.87
|
|
RP Palem Beach
|
Accretion
|
124245.14
|
|
Rushikonda Beach
|
Erosion
|
13338.58
|
|
Sagarnagar Beach
|
Accretion
|
6658.28
|
|
Seethapalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
4290.08
|
|
Shankaraguptham Beach
|
Accretion
|
582580.72
|
|
Shiv Beach
|
Accretion
|
7978.51
|
|
Shivasagar Beach
|
Accretion
|
47032.18
|
|
ShivasatendraPrajapati Beach
|
Accretion
|
6421.41
|
|
SSR Port Beach
|
Accretion
|
399.50
|
|
Sunrise Beach
|
Accretion
|
347028.52
|
|
Tallapalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
1433077.00
|
|
Tammayyapalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
46367.19
|
|
Thanthadi Beach
|
Accretion
|
34113.48
|
|
Thatichetla palem Beach
|
Erosion
|
94118.40
|
|
Thotlakonda Beach
|
Erosion
|
15664.48
|
|
Thummalapenta Beach
|
Erosion
|
420848.17
|
|
Thupilipalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
148877.89
|
|
Tikkavanipalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
241948.82
|
|
Turpupalem Beach
|
Accretion
|
263938.90
|
|
Uppada Beach
|
Erosion
|
380688.53
|
|
Vasalatippa Beach
|
Accretion
|
202384.65
|
|
Vatsavalasa Beach
|
Accretion
|
630357.56
|
|
Vodarevu Beach
|
Accretion
|
250844.59
|
|
Yarad Beach
|
Accretion
|
9218.71
|
|
Zard Beach
|
Accretion
|
22981.46
|
|
Odisha
|
|
Aryapalli Beach
|
Erosion
|
676471.18
|
|
Astaranaga Beach
|
Accretion
|
667896.55
|
|
Baleswar Beach
|
Erosion
|
108246.70
|
|
Chandipur Beach
|
Accretion
|
138066.82
|
|
Chandrabaga Beach
|
Accretion
|
10490.03
|
|
Dagara Beach
|
Accretion
|
3815427.09
|
|
Dhabaleshwar Beach
|
Erosion
|
76665.07
|
|
Gahirmatha Beach
|
Accretion
|
570899.12
|
|
ganjam Beach
|
Erosion
|
3467.58
|
|
Gopalpur
|
Accretion
|
7946.11
|
|
Hukitola Beach
|
Accretion
|
5651304.28
|
|
Konark Beach
|
Accretion
|
20579.76
|
|
Paradeep Beach
|
Accretion
|
684719.25
|
|
Parikud Beach
|
Accretion
|
40901.68
|
|
Pentha Beach
|
Erosion
|
3645514.06
|
|
Puri
|
Accretion
|
42295.56
|
|
Ramchandi Beach
|
Accretion
|
184573.19
|
|
Satabhaya Beach
|
Erosion
|
4494576.08
|
|
Satpada Beach
|
Accretion
|
1190005.73
|
|
Sonapur Beach
|
Accretion
|
3825.56
|
|
Golden Beach
|
Erosion
|
379979.57
|
|
West Bengal
|
|
Bankiput Beach
|
Accretion
|
205519.80
|
|
Digha Beach
|
Accretion
|
7396.33
|
|
Junput Beach
|
Accretion
|
643921.07
|
|
Mandarmani Beach
|
Erosion
|
108815.27
|
|
Shankarpur Beach
|
Erosion
|
826310.08
|
|
Tajpur Beach
|
Erosion
|
287462.27
|
|
Udayapur Beach
|
Erosion
|
51357.46
|
This information was given by the Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Ashwini Kumar Choubey in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.
*****
MJPS/NSK
(Release ID: 1982315)
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